To Kill A Mockingbird - Differences between Movie and Book :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

To Kill A Mockingbird - Differences between Movie and Book   in that respect are usually differences in two different versions of something. This can often be seen when a book is made into a flick. on that point are more similarities and differences in the book and movie versions of To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee.   To begin with, there are many similarities between the book and movie To Kill A Mockingbird. For example, Tom Robinson died in an attempt to escape from prison in both the book and the movie. In my opinion Toms d polish offh was crucial to the master copy story, and I believe the movie would have been seen as over-sentimental if the scriptwriters had let him live. Another important similarity between the book and movie, is the rough-cut fascination between Arthur Radley and the children. Arthur, or Boo as the children called him, left them gifts such as dolls, a watch, and chewing gum in the hollow of a tree in his yard. The children made expeditions to the Radley dwelling house to look in the window just so they could catch a glimpse of Boo Radley. I believe this captivation was important to the story argument because it was the main foundation of the childrens imagination. A big part of the story was imagining Boo to be some kind of freak that came out at night to eat cats and squirrels. An additional similarity between the book and movie is the respect showed to Atticus by the African American community of Maycomb. They respected him for his courage, which by his definition meant, Its when you greet youre licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do.(112). I deal the mutual respect between the African Americans and Atticus was important not only to Atticus, but also to his children. Their father and the sad story and memories of Tom Robinson taught them the wrongs of racism. I think if the movie producers had taken out the good relationship between Atticus and the African Americans, it would be taking away one of the most important themes of the story. There are many other significant similarities between the book and the movie.

The Influence Of Organisational Culture Versus National Culture Essay

The Influence OfOrganisational CultureVersusNational CultureWithin The GlobalGroup of CompaniesAuthor Table of ContentsExecutive abstractPage 3Company BackgroundPage 4Research AnalysisPage 6RecommendationsPage 13ReferencesPage 15 addendum(Survey questionnaire attached as a separate document)Executive Summary Research (1) indicates that national culture has a greater impact on employees than does their organisations culture and this report examines both cultures within fieldmouse Inc. a seventeen month old company with the ambition to establish a worldwide armorial bearing within three years. At the moment VOLE is small enough to debate and address these issues but diverse enough with operations across tetrad continents in fourteen countries to already be experiencing the strains of cultural differences, particularly between the Far East where the company has its roots and the recently opened markets of Western atomic number 63 and the United States. It will hopefully lead to the formulation of some agreed corporate communication policies as these will become increasingly difficult to pull together and implement as global expansion... ...rketing of the VOLE network to individual JV companies, who are also granted financial autonomy and control of their respective(prenominal) P&L functions, the primary drawback of such a structure the reduction of management control over key parts of the stemma must be constantly borne in mind. This weakness can be best tackled from the centre by a continual emphasis on the interdependency of each VOLE JV on each other, a fact well recognised in the survey, but easily forgotten in the day to day business activities of each JV as new successful companies are built from the ground up. Maximum advantage must also be taken of the flexibleness such an organisational structure provides and the ability of VOLE companies to provide a network management service simply, quickly and for a far smaller cost than the traditionalisti c video conferencing industry must be continually highlighted as the companys USP.References(1)N.J. Adler 2002 International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior. 4th Ed Ciciinatti, OH Southwestern pp. 67-69(2)S.P. Robbins 2002. Prentice entrance hall Self Assessment Library. Pearson Education Company

European Integration Essay -- essays research papers

After the tragedies of World War II, European leaders have made striving efforts to prevent such a ruinous event from occurring on their continent again. The best solution seemed to be highly mechanized cooperation among the highest European powers to assure that future conflict, and perhaps war, could not arise among them. If all the accedes ran themselves in a manner cooperating with their neighbors, conflict could be avoided. To prevent other nations from not cooperating, treaties and institutions would have to be designed for severally area of transnational interest such as trade, communications, security, and so forth. As the century progressed, more organizations, institutions and associations were developed and soon leaders recognized that maybe more good could go down to Europe as a whole if cooperation as such could grow and eventually arrive at full European integration.The establishment of the European trade union in November 1993 reoriented the European sustainme nt . The union incorporates a good portion of Western Europe and fundamentally acts as an enforcer of all the agreements the included nations pull in with each other in terms of trade and the economic, political, and social stabilization of the entire continent . As we seem to get closer to Europes achieving integration, the actual possibility of it ever really occurring has been in constant question among scholars. Liberals believe that cooperation on the level of integration is very possible and likely, as each nation essentially desires to maximize its own individual gains, and each nation gains more by cooperating more and banding together as one state. However, as constructivists remind us, we cannot neglect the element of identity operator in this equation. Thereafter, we must recognize that lately it is more popular for nations to fight for their own accomplished identity rather than to create a new one for the good of maintaining peace in their new state as we have seen i n so galore(postnominal) Eastern European countries. Therefore, as realists would agree, integration is in reality impossible due to the trend of nations to protect their individual sovereignty and at the fear of losing it, move towards more nationalistic regimes. Liberals believe that nations inherently wish to cooperate as it benefits both actor... ...ative gains. They can never know each others intentions, and wont risk the cooperation if they think they can gain more in the future from conflicting. Furthermore, as in the Balkans or in Russia we have seen how disinclined nations or ethnic groups are to ignore their own unique national identity in order to create a new identity of the newly established state. Richard Caplan and John Feffer note that, nationalism has been embraced as a bulwark against the erosion of cultural diversity and popular sovereignty in the face of creeping federalism . new ethnic conflict arises and peace is far from realized as a result of integration. The potential European integration would suffer a similar and approximately likely greater effect. In the long run, integration, if actualized, would not lead to a peaceful and trusting state as hoped, but instead a scar new set of ethnic and nationalist conflict. This is a risk most states are probably not willing to take.As we have seen on littler scales in newly integrated democratic states in Europe today, nationalism is not a dying epidemic. In fact, ethnic and nationalist conflicts

Computers Impact on Physically Challenged :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Computers Impact on Physically ChallengedHave computers positively impacted society of the physically challenged? The answer to that question is yes. Computers set out service of processed physically challenged people to become more independent and have better and fuller lives. The Internet has been a useful tool for these people because they can buy, sell, or read objects on the web pages. They can buy their groceries and read the newspaper on-line. Without the Internet and computers the physically challenged would have to depend on other people to help them do their shopping or reading. This paper will discuss lecture and words impairments, hearing impairments, visual impairments, and mobility impairments and how computers have positively impacted each of these groups of people. world-class of all speech and language impairments are usually due to defects of articulation, voice production and rhythm, cleft palate speech, delayed speech development, and disorders connected to he aring impairments ( vocabulary, p.1). Computers have helped these people through software and hardware designed specifically for speech disabilities. One device, called a speech synthesizer, is connected to a computer or incorporated into the software. This can be useful as a training and teaching aid and also it can be used as a voice output for a non-vocal person (Speech, p.1). This device allows a person who cannot speak, communicate to another individual through the computer. The computer speaks the words for the speech-disabled person. If the main desktop computer is not available for this purpose a portable communication aid can be used. This portable communication aid is an electronic device that has a speech synthesizer and it may be operated with a switch (Speech, p.1). Another use of computers for the speech and language impairments is cognitive refilling software. This software identifies and treats people who have suffered a stroke or some type of brain injury. The sof tware is designed to concentrate on the detection and retaining of language function (Speech, p.1). Michigan Memory Series of Software, provided by IBM, is a series that is useful for adults with stroke defects, closed head injuries, and other neurological problems. This series of software is also useful for children with learning disabilities, communication disorder, reading disorder, autism, mental retardation and other speech impairments (Speech, p.1). Computers have positively impacted the speech and language impairments of people because these people can learn and communicate with others due to computers. Second, computers have positively impacted people who are hearing impaired.

Wilbur and Orville Wright and the First Airplane Essay -- dream, aircra

In 1903, I can only imagine that the single belief inside of both Wilbur and Orville Wrights minds was to get their airplane off the ground. Because of their dream of heavier-than-air flight, mankind has gone from a flight of 120 feet, in an aircraft k immediatelying largely out of wood, using bicycle drive technology (World Digital Library, 2013), to a spacecraft that is about to leave our solar system (Voyager I). To quote American author, Napoleon Hill (1992), Whatever the mind of man can conceive and believe, it can achieve. When we stop to consider how far we have come in righteous over one hundred years, is it even possible to conceive what air travel might look like a hundred years from now? From the Wright Flyer to the aircraft we fly today, they all started as a dream that later turned into a design. NASA is non sending astronauts into space at the moment, but that has not stopped the engineers at NASA from working on advanced aerodynamic designs and technologies that would help us achieve the dream of traveling farther, faster and higher. Improved materials such as carbon-fiber give an aircraft lighter weight, improved performance and lower fuel consumption. NASAs newest design in carbon-fiber is called PRSEUS (Pultruded rod, Stitched, Efficient, Unitized Structure), a material that will be stronger than current carbon-fiber technology and will greatly reduce the need for rivets and other fasteners that lead to structural fatigue. NASA believes this new material will help Boeing achieve its goal of an aircraft of blended extension service design (Sloan, 2011). Boeing has stated that tests for strength and performance on PRSEUS have exceeded their expectations. Boeing is using this new material in their X-48B, a small scale functional ble... ...lying cars ultra concept design aims high. BBC Future. Retrieved from http//www.bbc.com/future/story/20130523-radical-flying-car-model-unveiledTheCrit. (2008, June 30). Boeing develops anti-gravity prop ulsion. Retrieved from http//thecrit.com/2008/06/30/boeing-develops-anti-gravity-propulsion/Vogel, J. (2013, May 03). The warp speed of today Boeings x-51a waverider . Retrieved from http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIbW8-Ow50IWiki. (n.d.). Scramjet. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScramjetWise, J. (2006, June 05). Introducing the airplane of the future. Popular Mechanics. Retrieved from http//www.popularmechanics.com/technology/ gentle wind/news/2932316World Digital Library. (2013, July 16). Telegram from Orville Wright in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to his father announcing four successful flights. Retrieved from http//www.wdl.org/en/item/11372/

Wilbur and Orville Wright and the First Airplane Essay -- dream, aircra

In 1903, I can only imagine that the single thought inside of both(prenominal) Wilbur and Orville Wrights minds was to get their airplane off the ground. Because of their dream of heavier-than-air flight, mankind has g wholeness from a flight of 120 feet, in an aircraft radiation diagramed largely show up of wood, using bicycle drive technology ( domain of a function Digital Library, 2013), to a spacecraft that is about to leave our solar system (Voyager I). To quote American author, Napoleon hammock (1992), Whatever the mind of man can conceive and believe, it can achieve. When we stop to consider how far we have come in just over one hundred years, is it even possible to conceive what air travel might look like a hundred years from now? From the Wright Flyer to the aircraft we drop today, they all started as a dream that later turned into a design. NASA is not sending astronauts into space at the moment, but that has not stopped the engineers at NASA from working on advanced aerodynamic designs and technologies that would help us achieve the dream of traveling farther, faster and higher. Improved materials such as carbon-fiber give an aircraft lighting weight, improved performance and lower fuel consumption. NASAs newest design in carbon-fiber is called PRSEUS (Pultruded rod, Stitched, Efficient, Unitized Structure), a material that will be stronger than current carbon-fiber technology and will greatly reduce the need for rivets and other fasteners that lead to structural fatigue. NASA believes this new material will help Boeing achieve its goal of an aircraft of blended wing design (Sloan, 2011). Boeing has stated that tests for strength and performance on PRSEUS have exceeded their expectations. Boeing is using this new material in their X-48B, a small scale functional ble... ...lying cars Radical concept design aims high. BBC Future. Retrieved from http//www.bbc.com/future/story/20130523-radical-flying-car-model-unveiledTheCrit. (2008, June 30). B oeing develops anti-gravity propulsion. Retrieved from http//thecrit.com/2008/06/30/boeing-develops-anti-gravity-propulsion/Vogel, J. (2013, May 03). The warp speed of today Boeings x-51a waverider . Retrieved from http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIbW8-Ow50IWiki. (n.d.). Scramjet. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScramjetWise, J. (2006, June 05). Introducing the airplane of the future. Popular Mechanics. Retrieved from http//www.popularmechanics.com/technology/aviation/news/2932316World Digital Library. (2013, July 16). Telegram from Orville Wright in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to his father announcing four successful flights. Retrieved from http//www.wdl.org/en/item/11372/

Doping in Sports is a Problem Essay

Doing steroids, which is known as doping, is a problem in sports that needs to be stopped and needs to be stopped fast. Ask anyone with a proper(ip)ly knowledge of sports and current events, and they will tell you nearly every week, a nonher high-profile doping story makes its way to the headlines of newspapers around the world. A quick Google News search for doping revealed over 7,500 results from the past week alone. The stories ranged from the lesser known 2 Youth Olympic Games Wrestlers who were recently suspended to the more famous 2010 Tour de France winner Alberto Contadors demonstrable test.This month, Brent Musburger (an ABC/ESPN sports commentator) told a group of students at University of Montana that steroids work. Musburger blamed journalism youngsters who got as well as deeply involved in something they didnt know too much more or less for the negative image steroids and doping now make believe. He went on to say that steroids had no place in high school, but und er the proper care and doctors advice, they could be used at the professional level. (Quotes take from the Missoulian article.)If you know me (or have been in a class with me), you know how I feel about doping in sports. In fact, anti-doping was one of the reasons I came to law school, and more specific completelyy to Marquette. My view is that doping has no place in sport. The story of how I came to become so staunchly against doping is for an another(prenominal) day (and perhaps a different venue), but basically involves my love for the sport of cycling and the systematic doping that plagues that sport. function it to say that I take a firm stance against doping in all sports in all forms.It probably goes without saying that I could not take issue with Musburger more. Doping, least of all in the form of anabolic steroids, has no place in sports amateur or professional. I think all anti-doping arguments come start to two basic principles, only one of which Musburger addresses i n his blanket approval of steroid use in professional athletes.First, doping menaces the wellness of athletes. Musburger argues that with proper medical charge, steroids post be healthy. While this might betrue in some (and I would suggest limited) cases, it would certainly not be true in all cases. The use of steroids can have serious health repercussions, including affected liver, endocrine, and reproductive function, tumors of the liver and kidneys, heart conditions, and psychiatric symptoms. Additionally, the article just linked goes on to call forth the increased probability of side effects when 1) steroids are used more than the recommended dose, 2) steroids are used in conjunction with other performance enhancing substances, and 3) counterfeit or tainted steroids are used.Legalizing steroid use would not solve these problems. The side effects listed in the theme Center for Biotechnology Information (a part of the National Institute of Health) article are not restricted t o improper use of steroids. I will not detail out the side effects of not only steroids, but also the use of hGH and EPO (often used in cycling), the NCBI does a nice job of listing those and providing citations to studies. Furthermore, the drive to win will al slipway advance athletes to take just one more. Sure, proper medical direction would ensure that an athlete receives the proper dose from that doctor, but when that athlete fails to win the next race, game, or match, he or she is more likely to increase the dose or combine other methods of doping.Second, and unaddressed by Musburger, doping affects the integrity of sport. Sport is not about simply winning. The saying Its not about whether you win or lose, its how you played the game, although clich, is absolutely correct. The Olympic Movement identifies the Olympic spirit usual understanding, spirit of friendship, solidarity, and fair play as fundamental to sport. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was founded on the pri nciple that integrity of sport is fundamental to the spirit of sport, and that integrity is exist by doping. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) division on anti-doping believes that doping jeopardizes the moral and ethical basis of sport and the health of those involved in it. The National football game League itself created its own steroid policy because steroid use threatens the fairness and integrity of athletic competition and sends the wrong message to youngpeople who whitethorn be tempted to use them. Sports are about competition on equal footing, with respect for the opponent, and with respect for the rules of the game.Permitting the use of steroids under proper medical supervision would threaten the fairness and integrity of the game. First, athletes who choose not to use steroids are at an unfair advantage most will be unable to compete at the same level as athletes who are using steroids. Second, the integrity of the game is c ompromised because it is no longer about which athlete has the best skills or talent, its or else about which athlete has the best steroid cocktail or the money to buy the best steroids. Thus, steroid use is contrary to the spirit of sport fairness, respect, and solidarity. The concept of reciprocal respect between competitors is thwarted when one (or both) athletes would rather use steroids to improve his or her performance than compete based on individual strength, skill, or talent.However, if health and integrity concerns arent enough to convince you, consider this final point. Law students, and indeed lawyers, are fond of the slippery slope argument. I think it finds a comfortable place in this debate. Its a slippery slope between allowing steroid use with proper medical supervision and eliminating anti-doping regulations. Where is the line to be drawn? Will it now be illegal to use steroids only if taken without proper medical supervision? How can proper medical supervision be proven? How does an athlete prove that the steroids in his or her body were as a result of proper medical supervision and not other means? What about athletes who use more than the recommended dose? What about other forms of doping (hGh or EPO)? Are those next to be permitted under proper medical supervision? Its difficult to see how regulating the use of steroids in sport is workable.The only way to preserve integrity in sport and protect the health of athletes is through a serious anti-doping approach. Anti-doping efforts are most successful when the law (anti-doping policy) sets forth clear, bright-line rules about when and what substances are prohibited. Although a long way from perfect, WADA has created the most super anti-dopingprogram in the world (indeed the only anti-doping program most of the world outside of the US models and implements). American professional sports leagues should be looking at ways to model the WADA code in its own anti-doping policies (like the Uni ted States Anti-Doping Agency is doing), not seeking ways to excuse steroid use or compromise anti-doping efforts. Steroids have no place in sports.

Intel Corei7 vs. Intel Duo 2 Core

Explanation (Difference between Intel force i7 and essence 2 bridge) The Core i7 is a completely new architecture which is more than faster and more efficient than the Core 2 Duo. Currently only the Core i7 920, 945 and 965 XE versions are available. Of that the Core i7 920 is available at unsloped $284 which makes it a great buy. It offers better performance than almost all Core 2 Duo processors. Native Quad Core, More Cache and Hyper Threading All the Core i7 processors are Native Quad cores (4 cores), which means that they actually have 4 cores on a single go across, while the older Core 2 Duo processors like the Q6600 (2? = 4 cores) had two cores on a single die, and two such dies merged together. This increases the processing speed greatly. They also have 256 KB L2 collect per core and a shared 8 MB L3 cache which has proven to be much better than any cache configuration in Core 2 Duo. It also has HyperThreading support which means that each of the 4 cores can process 2 threads simultaneously, so you get 8 virtual cores. This helps in running many applications parallely and also in gaming. officious Path Interconnect (QPI) and On Die Memory ControllerThe Core i7 processors sport the new Quick Path Interconnect technology which replaces the FSB (Front Side Bus) to connect the various components in a computer. QPI is much faster than FSB and hence improves the overall performance. It is plane faster than AMDs similar HyperTransport 3. 0 standard. The Core i7 have an On Die Memory Controller which means that it can access memory much faster than the Core 2 Duo processors which had an external memory controller. Intel has borrowed this feature from AMD. All the four cores, memory controller, cache are on the same die which improves the speed and performance greatly.

Islam or Christianity: a Reaction to Eaton’s Islam and the Destiny of Man Essay

Islam came to the world of man by the efforts of a man, believed by Muslims to be commissioned by Allah to deliver His members His words that go forth not switch for all eternity His words whose poser and shape will never be imitated by anyone angel, demon or man. This advent of this powerful and great godliness is basically what the for the first time part of the book is ab break(predicate). It does not only discuss how Islam spread like a wild fire under the guidance of Allah, except more importantly, there philosophies that it challenged in the Western world including the persecutions that it faced (Eaton 2).To prove my point about the persecutions that Islam faced, I would like to quote the following passage from the first two pages of the first part Since Islam was strong in arms and messiahendom was weak, words were the only available weapons against what was seen first as a heresy and later a false religion of satanic origin Pope Innocent III had identified Muhammad as the Anti-Christ H. A. L. Fisher called him cruel and crafty, lustful and ignorant and make fibre to the crude outpourings of the Koran (Eaton 9-10). Because Islam was viewed as a form of heresy and later satanic religion, we can imagine the prejudice that spate had (and probably still have) about Muslims stating from the time when Islam started. This prejudice is still present in the stereotypes that we see in many films showing that the terrorists are the Arab Muslims. Although according to Eaton, modern Muslims are less stark naked to the issue, it remains to be a point of consideration especially in social interactions with people of different religions (Eaton 4).It creates a stereotypical view in the discernment of people who are not exposed to Muslims that there will never be peace between Muslims and Christians. It is true that Islam spread throughout Africa and Eurasia as a result of conquest. It was by the sword that many people would see it that Islam rose to power. However, it is perhaps a wrong notion to think that Islam spread using violence. In all the years it went through spreading its trustingness, military force was necessary to convert the people who were embracing other faiths that were against the teachings of Allah.Even if we look at the history of the Jewish nation in the Bible, they too had to use military force to claim the land that God promised Abraham. Christianity has its own foundations of faith and so does Islam. Christianity spread through the ancient word through the propagation of the gospel and later, the power of the Roman Empire (Eaton 9). We must not for attain that the Catholic Church Inquisition to get rid of heresy. In the conquest of Catholic empires like Spain and Portugal, they as well as used military force to make the people embrace Christian faith.This is not to turn over back stones at Christian persecutors of Islamic use of force, but the to show that Islams use of military force to make the people em brace the faith is a necessary evil as others may call it (Eaton 163). It was the only way to hasten the serve of the mighty hand of Allah in bringing the people back to Him. One can argue all he wants that the pen is mightier than the sword, but during the times of the spread of Islam and the days before, the sword can kill the substance abuser of the pen.The Jews, for instance, before the advent of Christ were notorious for murdering the prophets that God sent them. They have seen the mighty works of Yahweh, but they still turned to idol worship. When deliveryman preached the word of God, they did not believe that he was the Messiah despite the different wonderful and powerful works and teachings he had shown them. Truly, God, whether His name is Allah or Yahweh, will logically not allow His messenger to be slaughtered again and again.The matter of bringing redemption to mankind is a serious matter. Indeed, if a man strongly wants to save some other from a burning house, the m an will do what has to be done to save the other person will use force, if needed, to take him out of the house. Perhaps, if the savior needs to knock the person to be able to get him out of the house, he would. But in this instance no one would normally utter that the savior was a violent man. They will understand that he did it for the safety of the person in the burning house.Such is the situation of the world in the eye of the Muslims on their conquest for the spread of Islam. If it had been a violent act to use the sword to force people to embrace Islam, it was for a worthy cause buyback of their souls. I am not rejecting the faith of the Christians in Jesus Christ as the savior of mankind nor does Islam teach that he is false prophet. In fact, Jesus is one of the prophets that Islam mentions. Jesus preached to the Jews to save them, but they did not bear in mind as they had always been obstinate to Gods prophets.What I want to point out is that if we follow the history of the Bible and the emergence of Islam, we can see the progress of Gods work of salvation for the people of this world. When the people would not listen through diplomacy, God had to use force for them to embrace the faith in one God, who is the creator of all things and the source of life. How do we know that the spread of Islam is the work of God? The spread of Islam covered vast areas of the globe that no empire before Islams emergence has ever conquered.Muhammad is the preacher with the most number of adherents, Apostle capital of Minnesota is second and Jesus is just third (considering of course that he died at the age of thirty). The scope of the propagation in such a picayune degree of time proves that there is some divine power behind the leadership of the prophet and his descendants. Hinduism existed earlier than Judaism, but it is still confined mostly to Indians and those of lineage up to now. Even Judaism, which can be traced from the Bible, can be scarcely found among the non-Jewish people (Eaton 41).However, Islam has gained influence to different peoples of the world in such a short time compared to the existence of Christianity and other great religions of the world. It should not be mistaken, though, that number is the basis of being a religion that is chosen by God. When God made His covenant with Israel, He emphasized that Israel was in no way the most powerful, nor the biggest nation, for it was indeed the smallest nation then. Yet, the case of Islam tells us that the work of Gods salvation had to be fulfilled, not only for a few people, but for as many people that can be saved.Now the question comes, How about Christianity? Does it entail that Christians are following a path that has been outdated when Muhammad preached Islam? Christ was sent to the world, according to him, not for the people who already knew God, but for those who did not know Him. He sent his apostles to preach to the Gentiles and they did. Four hundred year after the ir death, Islam rose. But the reason of its emergence is the very(prenominal) reason as the reason of the propagation of the Gospel to the Gentiles. The preachers may have been different, and their races may be different, but their purpose is the same.They preach about the same God who sent the same prophets to Israel and prophesied the death of Jesus Christ on the cross. What I can deduce from these is that mankind is fortunate for there is a loving God who sends forth messengers at different eras to different places to record Himself to those who do not know Him. He created man to serve Him, for man to be happy eternally. As God is a just God, he also understands the limits of mans abilities and capabilities. The scope of a mans work may not be enough to fulfill Gods ultimate plan, hence Islams co-existence with Christianity.I believe that in the end, God will not ask us what religion we belong to but whether we were obedient to what we believed in. Obeying the teachings of Isla m will bring salvation to those who believe in it and Christianity to those who believe in it. Muslims should hold on to their faith and Christians to theirs, but they should stop fighting one another, they are from the same ancestry, Abraham the Muslims through Ismael, and the Christians, through Isaac.Work CitedEaton, Charles. Le Gai. Islam and the Destiny of Man. Suny Press, 1985.

Literacy for Adolescence Education Essay

The past couple of years go through seen a much more wayed and concerned behavior towards the curriculum followed by the students and this has gained momentum in the last two decades where the standard endeavours made the education planners and developers to go over and pay just attention as to what they are teaching their students. The behavior also came into existence after the gap between the educational standards of the foreign students and the American students was perceived as getting wider.This created a wave of panic in the educators who began to fear that their own students are lacking behind in their work and educational standards which is going to have a deep and long lasting effect on the American country. As arts is also an educational field it also came under this movement and so the arts schools are also now competing for existence and focalisation deeply on their curriculum. The importance of arts cannot be denied by anyone as it plays a vital role in the studen ts life and without it the students are denied the importance of visualizing whatever they are studying in their text books.The knowledge containing in the books are very important for a student to get the concept but without actuall(a)y visualizing what is written in the text books that knowledge is not charge anything. The art becomes a medium for the students to understand and to see what they are studying without which they would have the knowledge of the books but wont have any mite as to why or what that knowledge is referring to e. g. take an atom for example.A student can be taught the basic definition, importance, function and parts etc of these basic construct blocks but the students wouldnt be able to grasp the full concept behind an atom without seeing a picture of it and visualizing it. And this is where the study of arts comes in and develops the educational skills of the students. Art helps in exposing the students in encouraging their skills which can be gained th rough various forms of arts like drama, music, visual paintings etc.The school programs beg both kinds of art forms and because of this varying schools labor and focus on it in different ways. This article makes an interesting and intelligent point that the teachers, rather than just focusing on making the students hit the books their course books, should encourage and help the students in developing their skills on their own. The teachers should focus that their role is not only to help the students to learn but also to make them see the actual hidden meaning behind the words and various subjects.For this arts has to be inculcated into the students so that they can focus on their true potentials. Not only the teachers but the parents and the education providers should encourage them to take level best benefit from the field of arts as they can. But all the good things have a price to them and similarly the institutions should take the cost into account and make proper financial plans so as to increase and promote the use of art studies as much as they can.Through proper planning and focusing on the importance the education providers would be giving the students maximum opportunity to develop their skills.Bibliography High School Journal. (2008). Enhancing student learning through arts integration implications for the profession. Retrieved February 12, 2009 from

Comm

pic Course Syllabus College of Humanities COM/100 asylum to conference Copyright 2012, 2010, 2008 by University of Phoenix. al one(a) rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction to the field of colloquy with emphasis on the history of communication study, concepts important to every last(predicate) aras of communication, the contexts in which communication occurs, and the issues that must be faced by students of communication. The course serves as an introduction to the strands of communication interpersonal, small separates and teams, mass communication, organizational, intercultural, and rhetoric.Policies Faculty and students/learners leave be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents University policies You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subje ct to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of separately class.Policies may be slightly polar depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have late changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Beebe, S. A. , Beebe, S. J. , & Ivy, D. K. (2013). intercourse Principles for a lifetime (5th ed. ). Boston, MA Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. West, R. , & Turner, L. H. (2004). Introducing communication theory Analysis and application (2nd ed. ). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill. West, R. , & Turner, L. H. 2010). Introducing communication theory Analysis and application (4th ed. ). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One Overview of Communication exposit payable Points Objectives Identify historical developments in communications. Identify communication models. Explain how communication reckons self-concept. interpret Read Ch. 1 of Introducing Communicat ion conjecture (2010). information Read Ch. 2 of Communication Principles of a Lifetime. yarn Read University of Phoenix Material The Contexts and Theories of Communication document located on the student website. Reading Read this calendar weeks Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation move in class discussion. 2 posts on each 20 of four different days intervention Questions answer to weekly discussion questions. DQ 1 on Day 3, DQ15 2 and 3 on Day 5 erudition team up drop off the acquire team up Charter. Day 7 10 Learning Team Charter Resource Learning Team Toolkit separate Complete the University of Phoenix Material Introduction to Communication Worksheet located Day 7 25 Introduction to Communication on the student website. Worksheet Week Two Verbal, Nonverbal, and Interpersonal Communication Details callable Points Objectives Distinguish between verbal and nonverbal messages. Recognize types of interpersonal com munication. Identify conflict management stages. Identify interview techniques. Reading Read Ch. 3 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read Ch. of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read Ch. 5 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read Ch. 7 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read Ch. 8 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read Appendix A in Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. Two posts on 20 each of four different days Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. DQ 1 on Day 3,15 DQ 2 and 3 on Day 5 Learning Team Complete response of 250-300 words to the following Describe the positive and negative Day 4 10 Learning Team Exercises effects that a modern homunculus of communications has had on business and personal communications. Po st in the Main forum. Individual Complete the University of Phoenix Material Nonverbal, Interpersonal, and Textual Day 7 25 Nonverbal, Interpersonal, and Communication Worksheet located on the student website. Textual Communication Worksheet Learning Team Write a 500- to 750-word summary about the stages of conflict management. What steps will a Day 7 30 Conflict Resolution Paper team take to re calculate conflict? What are the consequences of exhibiting behavior that could have a negative effect on the team? Explain how you would handle the following situations A team member who does not submit his or her portion of an identification A team member who does not meet deadlines A team member who wants to control the completion of all assignments A team member who submits motion that is below team standards A team member who does not cite sources A team member who is not open to others ways of doing things A nature conflic t between two team members Team members who post derogatory messages directed at others Describe the different interview skills and techniques you used to collect information on conflict resolution methods from Learning Team members. order your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Week Three Small Group and Team Communications Details callable Points Objectives Identify elements of assort dynamics. Identify group development phases. Recognize characteristics of effective teams. Identify problem-solving steps. Reading Read Ch. 9 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read Ch. 10 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. Two posts on 20 each of four different days Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. DQ 1 on Day 3,15 DQ 2 and 3 on Day 5 Learning Team Complete response of 250-300 words to the following Review Ch. 0 of Communication Day 4 10 Learning Team Exercises Principles for a Lifetime. Discuss any concept that a team member is having a demanding time understanding and quiz the importance and applic superpower of this weeks concepts to each team member and to society in general. Post in the Main forum. Learning Team book of instructions Take the Leadership and Group Dynamics Self-Assessment by clicking the link on the student Group Dynamics website. Discuss your individual results in the Learning Team forum. Individual Recall a small team or group you have been a part of. Day 7 55 Small Team and Group Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper about your experience. Provide a brief description of the team or group. How many members did it include? What was its drive? Describe the behaviors the team or group exhibited as it went through each stage of development. Describe a problem the team or group encountered. What steps were taken to address and solve the problem? Was the team or group able to generate a successful solution? Why or wherefore not? Discuss the influence that leadershipor the lack of leadershiphad on the teams or groups ability to solve the problem. What style of leadership did the leader exhibit?What problem-solving steps were taken to resolve the situation? What steps would have produced better results? Explain whether the team or group was effective. Support your position by discussing goals, roles, ground rules, norms, and characteristics your team or group displayed.How did these characteristics affect the teams or groups ability to progress to its purpose and solve the problem it encountered? Analyze how communication contributed to cohesiveness. Identify and address how diversity or technology affected the team or group members ability to communicate with one anothe r to reach a resolution. Explain your thoughts on how goals, roles, ground rules, and norms help determine effectiveness. How did these characteristics affect the teams or groups ability to accomplish its purpose and solve the problem? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Week Four plenitude Communication and insertions Details Due Points Objectives Explain how mass communication influences society. Identify insertion techniques. Distinguish between informative and persuasive presentations. Reading Read Ch. 11 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read Ch. 12 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read Ch. 13 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read Ch. 14 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. Two posts on 20 each of four different days Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. DQ 1 on Day 3,15 DQ 2 and 3 on Day 5 Learning Team Complete the following in 250-300 words Consider the speeches you have heard and the Day 4 10 Learning Team Exercises conferences you have attended in the past.Think about the speakers presentation style and discuss among team members the following Name of the speaker and the event at which he or she was speaking Nonverbal communication and body language used Voice reflections used Eye contact used Verbal communication used For the white-tie/written part of the assignment, Identify five or more presentation best practices. Post in the Main forum. Nongraded Activities and The best way to learn earthly concern speakingother than actually doing itis to observe other Preparation speakers in action and analyze what factors contributed to the strengths or weaknesses of Speech Analysis their presentations. Watch Randy Pauschs speech located on the student website. Complete the University of Phoenix Material Individual Speech Evaluation Form. Learning Team Create a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation that traces the rise and fall ofDay 7 40 Americas Smoke Screen the tobacco industrys advertising campaigns from the 1920s to the present. insertion Develop a presentation that outlines strategies the tobacco industry used to improve its image and convince the public of its sincerity. Use an informative or persuasive come to illustrate how the tobacco industry demonstrated it is serious about its efforts to improve its image. Cite at least two references from University Library for every team member. Format your references consistent with APA guidelines. Deliver your presentation and submit your presentation institutionalize or link. For Local Campus students, these are oral presentations accompanied by Microso ft PowerPoint presentations. For Online and Directed Study students, these are Microsoft PowerPoint presentations with notes. Week Five Special Issues and Research Methods in Communication Details Due Points Objectives Explain how diversity affects communication. Identify communication technologies. Recognize the role of ethical motive in communication. Identify research methods used in communication. Reading Read Ch. 6 of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Reading Read Ch. 3 of Introducing Communication Theory (2010). Reading Read Methods of Inquiry in Ch. 4 of Introducing Communication Theory (2004). Reading Read this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. Two posts on 20 each of four different days Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. DQ 1 on Day 3,15 DQ 2 and 3 on Day 5 Learning Team Complete the following Select two cultures other than your take and compare those cultures toDay 4 10 Learning Team Exercises your cultural background. Consider the following What are the differences in how men and women are viewed in each culture? List two social customs of each culture. How do they differ from your culture? Compare cultural values and how they differ from your culture. Refer to Ch. of Communication Principles for a Lifetime. Also complete the following as a team Discuss any concept that a team member is having a difficult time understanding. Examine the importance and applicability of this weeks concepts to each team member and to society in general. Post in the Main forum. Individual Read the instructions in the University of Phoenix Material New Business Product, and selectDay 7 60 New Business Analysis one option to complete the assignment.You can choose from the following options Option 1 Product Market Analysis Paper Option 2 New publi cizing Campaign Learning Team Resource Communication Research Methods Activity located on the student website Day 7 40 Special Issues Presentation Prepare an 8- to 10-slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation on special issues in communication.Discuss the following in your presentation as they relate to communication Diversity Ethics Technology Mass communication Include how these issues relate to each other. For instance, How do gender differences affect communication?How does technology affect communication between different cultures? Does diversity affect ethical decisions? How does technology affect ethical decision making? Identify the research approach typically used for each issue by pickax out the University of Phoenix Material Communication Research Methods Matrix. Include a summary of the matrix in your presentation. Deliver your presentation and submit your presentation file or link. For Local Campus students, these are oral presentations accompanied by Microsoft PowerPoint presentations. For Online and Directed Study students, these are Microsoft PowerPoint presentations with notes. Copyright University of Phoenix is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the unify States and/or other countries. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix editorial standards and practices.

Legislative Requirements of Teaching in Your Specialist Area Essay

calculateing as a Financial Capability tutor my own(prenominal)ised and work values be conduct by the ethos for Citizens Advice Bureau, my employer here we value diversity, promote equality and challenge discrimination our aims and principles set out to both provide the advice people need for the problems they face and rectify the policies and pr moldices that affect peoples lives. There be many legislative requirements (laws), and codes of practice (directives and professional ethics) that need to be considered in a learning environment.My administration has its own policies and proceedures that are applicable to the particular environment these underpin the legislation to act according to the law as defined in an Act of sevens and usually enforceable through the courts. My interpretation of ones that will effect me as a teacher are given here. The Health and Safely at Work Act (1974) Everyone has a indebtedness for their own safety at work and also a duty to protect the s afety and welfare of others, this effects both single organisation.Even if the learners are adults there are still rules and regulations that mustiness be adhered to As a teacher I need to be richly aware of these rules and ensure that any learners I teach are too. I should always make the class aware of the nearest fire exists and advise of who the fist-aiders are within the building. I must always follow best practise and to lead by example. Risk Assessments are also the responsibility of the teacher in order to establish practices that minimise risk and record any high risk activities. I need to analyse any potential risks when instructing activities within the class.It is my responsibility to assess any risk levels prior to commencement of any tasks in order to minimise the risks. If there are any accidents or incidents, I must also keep a record of these. There are then the legislations that are drawn from the Human Rights Act 2000. Disability Discrimination Act (1995 and 2 005) equivalence Act 2010 Teachers must respect these laws have been passed to ensure that no one is discriminated against irrespective of any disability (physical or mental) they may have or their gender, age, religion, ethnicity, intimate orientation or marital status/domestic circumstances.For the teacher this means ensuring language, handouts and other learning materials are free from bias and that inappropriate comments are challenged within the schoolroom. The environment and all support structures should enable access and include facilities to meet all learners needs. . I must ensure that any activities I set are suitable for all learners to participate and must not make any learner feel excluded by their disability. Also when advertising courses and delivering learning, a teacher should not stereotype or in any way disadvantage a group of learners.I would also be using Safeguarding of Vulnerable Adults training when work with my students. Data Protection Act 1998 The DPA requires any organisation that holds sensitive data on anyone for over two months to register as data users. As a teacher, I need to be cautious of how I store my learners personal or sensitive information. I should never share someones personal or sensitive information with any other person. Freedom of information act 2000As an amendment to the Data Protection act the freedom of information act makes provision for the disclosure of information held by public authorities or by persons providing services for them. I should be aware of what my students can request to travel to when I hold information on them. There are also three other pieces that I would consider in my role The Further fill inledge and Training act 2007, for its requirements on the LSC and on further education institutions to have regard to guidance in relation to consultation with learners, potential learners and employers.And the codes of practice issued by NIACE regarding Safer Practice and Safer Learning these help the student to focus on their rights and responsibilities when participating in the lifelong learning sector. They address issues such as harm, abuse and personal safety when taking part in any kind of learning, outlining things that could be pervert, and giving students contact details if they feel that they need to report any wrong doing, without needing access to the teacher. Also the make for for Learning Code of Practice for Teachers 2008Code of Professional Practice, which seeks to protect learners and the public interest and will apply to all members of the Institute for Learning . The codes purpose is to promote, value and develop the professionalism of all learning and skills practitioners. The Code outlines the behaviours expected of members for the benefit of learners, employers, the profession and the wider community. The code lists seven behaviours for members to uphold Professional Integrity, Respect, sound Care, Professional Practice, Criminal Offence Disclo sure, Responsibility during Institute Investigations, Responsibility to the Institute.These will all have an affect on what happens both in and out of my classroom and must be at the forefront of every lesson and lesson plan for a teacher. They will be used in tutor/student contracting and in appeals and complaints policies, and so it is important that I keep up to date with these legislations and codes of practice and part of my responsibility is to make sure that they are being adhered to and that I know what procedure to follow if this is not the case.

Mcmillan

there ar many ideas that revolve around what is quality assessment. What can be done to make trustworthy that we are building proficiency in basic skills, closing achievement gaps, and fostering the top walk knowledge and skills that savants will need in a competitive global society (Scherer, 2009, p. 5). The following account identifies five key aspects of what represents quality assessment. The method of assessment can influence a students motivation and achievement. A students performance can be improved through their betrothal in the assessment process and enable them to take duty for their own learning.McMillan states that by allowing a student to be involved in the grading criteria and apply those criteria to their work a teacher may change magnitude the students motivation to learn and succeed. (McMillan 2000) Every student has an individual learning style, McMillan states that using triplex methods of assessment a teacher can shape the way students understands, proc esses, and uses information. By doing this a complete describe of what students understand can be compiled. Using multiple methods can assist to address each students strengths and weaknesses. (McMillan 2000) scantily as assessment impacts student learning and motivation, it also influences the nature of what is being taught. (McMillan, 2000) McMillan states that when assessment is incorporated with financial statement it informs teachers what activities and assignments would be some useful, and what level of teaching is appropriate, where her students are, when to ask more questions, when to give more examples and what responses to student questions is most appropriate (McMillan 2000). Fair and ethical assessment ensures that all students are given a level playing field, which they are given the opportunity to demonstrate what they know. The Standards presents four views of fairness as absence of bias (e. g. , offensiveness and unfair penalization), as equitable treatment, as equality in outcomes, and as opportunity to learn. (McMillan 2000) Teachers have exceptional time, they need to be able to achieve a balance between providing to provide a intact understanding of study material and score results. Therefore the efficiency of assessments needs to be considered. There are many facets that exist within the process of assessment that can influence a students enthusiasm and achievement.Teachers need to recognise the ability of students to take control of their own achievement and accept responsibility for their own learning. Clay, M. (2002) An observation survey of early literacy achievement. New Zealand. Heinemann Education. Code of fair testing practices in knowledge (1988). Washington, DC Joint Committee on Testing Practices (American Psychological Association). Retrieved from http//ericae. net/code. htm McMillan, J. H. (2001). Essential assessment concepts for teachers and administrators. jet Oaks, CA Corwin Publishing Company. McMillan, James H. (2000). Fundamental assessment principles for teachers and school administrators. Practical Assessment, Research Evaluation, 7(8). Retrieved from http//PAREonline. net/getvn. asp? v=7n=8 McMillan, J,H. (2011). Classroom Assessment Principles and practice for effective standards-based instruction. Boston the States Pearson Education Inc. Schafer, W. D. (1991). Essential assessment skills in professional education of teachers. Educational Measurement Issues and Practice, 10, (1), 3-6.

Government Regulation on Media in America

The organization activity is the political direction and look exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, or inhabitants of communities, societies, and states. Media is the direction of communication, such as radio, boob tube, newspapers, magazines, and the internet which influence nation broadly. The mainstream American media information presented to the public viewers is s choose by the government. Outside of government institutions, no other unit has more influence in determining insurance decisions and elections more than the mass media.Although the framers of the Constitution could never have envisioned the increase of mass media that we enjoy today, they were actu every(prenominal)y aw are that the press would play a serious role in the growing democracy. Its no proportion that liberty of the press constitutes the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights. The medias role in government goes back to the colonial era, when daily newspapers were the only source of po litical as well as other news for the colonists. The media has alter intensively over the past 200 years.Most of the change has occurred since the mid-1990s, with the advent of the Internet and every-news cable television channels. As these and other communication technologies keep on evolving at the speed of light, the role of the media in government leave behind also continue to modify. The Internet has become an immense factor in the media, primarily the major social networks, because it communicates frankly without the filter of editors, publishers, and corporate parents similar to Viacom, Disney, Time-Warner, and General Electric.In a democracy, the free advert of information, ideas, and opinions is vital. The media has three primary responsibilities setting the agenda, investigating the institutions of government, and facilitating the exchange of ideas and opinions. Elected officials, nonelected government workers, and political candidates spend a considerable amount of t ime figuring out ways to shape media coverage. The following five techniques are near normally used. Staged cores are the most common way to attract media coverage.In 1994, the home plate Republicans had a signing ceremony on the Capitol steps to launch their Contract with America campaign theme. The event received enormous press coverage. An off-the-record conversation is another technique. Politicians, bureaucrats, and candidates have off-the-record conversations with reporters when they want to propagate certain information, nevertheless dont want that information associated with them. Reporters usually attri onlye off-the-record comments to anonymous or unnamed sources.Sound byte is where the most elected officials are skillful at giving cash in ones chips bites (concise and colorful quotes) to reporters. Officials who consistently deliver the best vowelise bites usually receive the most coverage. New York senator Chuck Schumer is regarded as a terrific source of sound bit es. From time to time government officials will float trial balloons, anonymous program or polity thoughts to the press in order to gauge the publics feedback. Trial balloons allow officials to test ideas or potential appointments without fetching responsibility for them.During the recent stem-cell research debate, the White House floated a trial balloon about care the controversial research on embryonic stem cells legal, but decided against it after the administrations conservative unintellectual reacted negatively. Last, there is a technique called leaks. Almost every day in Washington, confidential information is passed from government officials to the media. Leakers do this for one of two reasons. First, to cast a negative light on their opponents and second to build up their point of view on a particular matter among their colleagues.Investigations in particular tend to be common with leaks. There were so many leaks during the Monica Lewinsky investigation that the leaks t hemselves became a separate legal inquiry. Although the Constitution promises freedom of the press, the government does regulate various media. Print media are for the most part unregulated, and newspapers and magazines can print to the highest degree anything as long as they dont insult anyone. The Internet has also gone more often than not unregulated despite congressional efforts to restrict some controversial fulfillments. Broadcast media, however, are subject to the most government regulation.Radio and television spreaders must attain a license from the government because according to American law, the public owns the stresswaves. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issues these licenses and is in charge of managing the airwaves. The FCC also acts as a legal philosophy agency of the airwaves, and it can fine broadcasters for violating public decency principles on the air. The FCC can even revoke a broadcasters license, keeping him off the air permanently. For example , he FCC has fined radio host Howard Stern plentiful time for his use of profanity.They also fined CBS slap-uply for Janet Jacksons wardrobe malfunction during the halftime bring aboutance at the tops(predicate) Bowl in 2004. The government is involved in media doctrines. The Federal Communications Commission has also completed rules for broadcasts relating to political campaigns. The equal time rule, which states that broadcasters have to supply the same broadcast time to all candidates for a specific office. The right of rebuttal, which requires broadcasters to make available an opportunity for candidates to reply to criticisms made against them.A station cannot air an attack on a candidate and not succeed to give the objective of the attack a possibility to respond. The fairness doctrine, states that a broadcaster who airs a controversial program is required to give time to air opponent views. The FCC has not obligated the fairness doctrine since 1985, and some claim that th e FCC has taken a lax come up to enforcing the other regulations as well. The government has also regulated willpower of media outlets to make sure that no one broadcaster monopolizes the market.Since the 1980s the government has loosened limitations on media possession, and sex act accepted the Telecommunications Act in 1996 to permit companies to possess even more media outlets. Due to the loosening of land tenure boundaries, more and more media outlets are declining under the power of a few colossal corporations, an inclination called media consolidation. The Hearst, horse cavalry Ridder, and Gannett corporations own the majority of the nations newspapers, whereas Clear Channel Communications owns numerous radio stations. massive companies also have the major networks and other television stations.The Walt Disney conjunction, for example, owns ABC and ESPN, along with the Disney Channel, and Viacom owns CBS and MTV. Meanwhile the Rupert Murdochs Media Corporation owns all of the Fox channels, several radio networks, satellite television hand overrs, and newspapers in many countries. And Time-Warner owns dozens of magazines, find out Time, Life, and Sports Illustrated, as well as the CNN and Turner television networks. Critics challenge that media consolidation confines consumers choices because a atomic number of companies own all the media outlets.They fight that consolidation is not competitive and that corporate owners might control or influence news coverage. Some critics also lament the homogenization of American culture collectible to media consolidation. Because radio and television formats have turn out to be more and more uniform, people all by means of and through the country receive the same broadcasts. It is not clear if the FCC has the superpower to regulate cable television. The FCC is authorize to regulate those who broadcast over the airwaves because the people own the airwaves. Cable television is not sent through the airwaves .Cables transmit the programs directly into peoples houses. Seemingly this means that cable television cannot be regulated, but some members of Congress have still required doing so. I have come to believe that media is serious in the government because its the primary source of political information for most people, so it plays a big role in democracy. Also, I notice the way a point is transmitted affects how the depicted object is received. Television, for example, is a visual medium, so viewers will surely be affected by images.Plus, media tends to provide more facts and details than television. The media has massive power within the American Government because just about all Americans get their news from the media instead of from other people or other sources. Media coverage shapes how Americans recognize the worldly concern and what they consider to be important. Voters and politicians comparable must pay attention to the media. In the American political system, the media pe rform a number of functions important to the self-governing process.The media reports the news, serves as a mediator between the government and the people, helps turn back on which issues should be discussed, and keeps people energetically involved in society and politics. In the United States, the media plays a big role in socializing people to American society, culture, and politics. Much of what young people and immigrants canvas about American culture and politics comes from magazines, radio shows, and television. Many people worry that juvenile people are exposed to too much violence and sex in the media, knowing the effect it will have on childrens views and development.The media also provides a public forum for debates between political leaders. During campaigns, opposing candidates often broadcast advertisements and debate with each other on television. Many voters learn a great deal about the candidates and the issues by watching these ads and debates. Even during years w ithout elections, though, the news media allows elected official to condone their actions via news stories and interviews. In this way the government has the power to control people though its subliminal messages. It has the ability to brainwash or give an image of what may be wrong or right through its regulations.

Classes in the Kite Runner Essay

Afghanistan is the gain of Pashtuns. It always has been, always will be. We are the true Afghans, the pure Afghans, not this Flat-Nose here. This is the start of the tension amid the two distinct social classes on pages 40-43 deep down the novel, The Kite Runner. The writers purpose for placing this movie within the novel is to show the relationship held between the Hazara Tribe, and the Pashtun tribe, within Afghanistan. The motion picture in the book allows the endorser to begin to understand the tension between the tribes, which fuels the story.Due to the research I completed on the tribes within Afghanistan, I can sharpen my knowledge and interpret the pictorial matter in the novel better. While researching, I discovered that the Hazaras have Mongol Characteristics. As a result of this, I was up to(p) to understand the scene better, when Assef called Hassan a Flat-Nose. The reason that Assef Called Hassan this, was to poke fun at his Mongol Characteristics, such as havi ng a unconditioned nose. In the same manner, Assef states, how can you talk to him, play with him, let him touch you? Through my research, I was able to learn that it was rare for Pashtuns to play with Hazaras. Hazaras are of a much lower class than Pashtuns, and are tough poorly. Within the scene, there are three apparent literary termsparallel, imagery and diction. Parallel is apply when Hasan holds the slinghshot pointed directly at Assefs face. Hassan uses his catapult in this scene, to fight Assef, and Hassans son uses a slingshot to hurt Assef towards the end of the book.Additionally, the author uses imagery, to show the intense tension between the boys. When Hassan pulls the slingshot, his hand trembles with the strain of the pulled springy band and beads of sweat erupt on his brow. This imagery allows you to realize the amount of stress, and tension Hassan must undergo. Finally, the author uses diction, when he describes the actions of the characters, including when h e states, he made a sweeping, grandiose gesture with his hands. The diction such as sweeping, and grandiose, allows the reader to fully understand what Assef is trying to convey. There are two main ideas within the scene they are the ideas of Assef hating Amir and Hassan, and Hassan protecting Amir. Based on the key idea of Hassan protecting Amir, the theme of delight in appears. Amir uses his slingshot, and does everything that he can to protect Amir, display his love towards him.

Coffee and Starbucks Essay

Starbucks began in 1971 when third academicsEnglish teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegel, and writer Gor weary Bowker open up a transshipment center called Starbucks hot chocolate, Tea, and Spice in the touristy Pikes arrange Market in Seattle. The three partners oerlap a love of finely drinking chocolate trees and exotic teas and believed they could build a clientele in Seattle much corresponding that which had already emerged in the San Francisco Bay area. each(prenominal) invested $1,350 and borrowed a nonher $5,000 from a bank to open the Pikes Place hive away.Baldwin, Siegel, and Bowker chose the account Starbucks in honor of Starbuck, the coffee-loving outset mate in Herman Melv na phthisisouses Moby Dick(so familiarity legend has it), and because they thought the come across evoked the romance of the high seas and the sea farawaying tradition of the early coffee handlers. The recent companys logo, designed by an artist friend, was a two-tailed mer maid encircled by the stores name. The inspiration for the Starbucks initiative was a Dutch immigrant, Alfred Peet, who had begun importing fine arabica coffees into the United States during the 1950s.Peet viewed coffee as a fine wine merchant views grapes, appraising it in terms of coun screen of origin, estates, and harvests. Peet had open a small store, Peets Coffee and Tea, in Berkeley, California, in 1966 and had cultivated a loyal clientele. Peets store specialized in importing fine coffees and teas, dark-roast its go across beans the European way to bring out their full flavor, and teaching customers how to grind the beans and extend to saucily brewed coffee at home.Baldwin, Siegel, and Bowker were well acquainted with Peets expertise, having visited his store on numerous occasions and exhausted many hours listening to Peet expound on quality coffees and the importance of proper bean-roasting techniques. All three were attached fans of Peet and his dark-roasted coffee s, going so far as to order their personal coffee supplies by mail from Peets. The Pikes Place store lineamentd modest, hand-built nautical fixtures. wiz wall was devoted to whole-bean coffees an early(a) had shelves of coffee products.The store did non advance fresh-brewed coffee by the cup, alone samples were sometimes available for sense of taste. Initially, Siegel was the only paid employee. He wore a grocers apron, scooped out beans for customers, extolled the virtues of fine, dark-roasted coffees, and functioned as the partnerships retail expert. The other two partners kept their sidereal day crinkles notwithstanding came by at lunch or after(prenominal) pass water to help out. During the start-up period, Baldwin kept the books and veritable a growing knowledge of coffee Bowker served as the magic, mystery, and romance man.1 The store was an immediate success, with sales exceeding expectations, partly because of a favorable article in the Seattle Times. In the ear ly months, each of the founders traveled to Berkeley to learn more than near coffee roasting from their mentor, Alfred Peet, who urged them to take place deepening their knowledge of coffees and teas. For most of the showtime year, Starbucks ordered its coffee beans from Peets, but then the partners purchased a used roaster from Holland and set up roasting trading operations in a nearby ramshackle construction.Baldwin and Bowker experimented with Alfred Peets roasting procedures and came up with their own blends and flavors. A second base Starbucks store was opened in 1972. By the early 1980s, the company had four Starbucks stores in the Seattle area and could lark of having been profitable every year since opening its doors. But the roles and responsibilities of the cofounders underwent change. Zev Siegel see burn markout and left the company to pursue other interests.Jerry Baldwin took over day-to-day trouble of the company and functioned as chief executive shoesr Gord on Bowker remained involved as an owner but devoted most of his time to his advertising and design firm, a weekly immaturefoundsprint he had founded, and a microbrewery he was launching (the Redhook Ale Brewery). Howard Schultz Enters the Picture In 1981, Howard Schultz, vice hot seat and general theater director of U. S. operations for Hammarplasta Swedish maker of stylish kitchen equipment and housewaresnoticed that Starbucks was placing larger orders than Macys was for a authentic type of drip coffeemaker.Curious to learn what was going on, he immovable to pay the company a visit. The dawn after his arrival in Seattle, Schultz was escorted to the Pikes Place store by Linda Grossman, the retail merchandising music director for Starbucks. A solo violinist was compete Mozart at the door, with his violin case open for donations. Schultz immediately was taken by the powerful and pleasing aroma of the coffees, the wall displaying coffee beans, and the rows of red, yellow, an d black Hammarplast coffeemakers on the shelves.As he talked with the clerk behind the prevent, the clerk scooped out some Sumatran coffee beans, ground them, put the causal agency in a cone filter, poured hot water over the cone, and shortly handed Schultz a porcelain muggins filled with the freshly brewed coffee. After three sips, Schultz was hooked. He began asking the clerk and Grossman questions almost the company, near coffees from varied parts of the world, and about the different ways of roasting coffee. Next, Schultz met with Jerry Baldwin and Gordon Bowker, whose offices overlooked the companys coffee-roasting operation.The gloriole was informal. Baldwin, spiffed up in a sweater and tie, showed Schultz some reinvigorated beans that had conscionable come in from Java and suggested they travail a sample. Baldwin did the brewing himself, using a glass pot called a French press. Bowker, a slender, bearded man with dark hair and intense cook eyes, appeared at the door and the three men sit down to talk about Starbucks. Schultz was struck by their knowledge of coffee, their commitment to providing high-quality products, and their passion for educating customers about the merits of dark-roasted coffees.Baldwin told Schultz, We dont manage the line of descent to maximize anything other than the quality of the coffee. 2 Starbucks purchased only the finest arabica coffees and put them finished a meticulous dark-roasting butt on to bring out their full flavors. Baldwin explained that the cheap robusta coffees used in supermarket blends burn when subjected to dark roasting. He also noted that the makers of supermarket blends prefer lighter roasts because they allow higher yields (the longer a coffee is roasted, the more weight it loses).Schultz was struck by the expect philosophy of the two partners. It was clear from their discussions that Starbucks stood not just for unsloped coffee, but rather for the dark-roasted flavor profiles that the founders were passionate about. Top-quality, fresh-roasted, whole-bean coffee was the companys differentiating feature and a bedrock value. It was also clear to Schultz that Starbucks was strongly committed to educating its customers to appreciate the qualities of fine coffees, rather than just kowtowing to mass-market appeal.The company depended mainly on word-of-mouth to get more people into its stores, then relied on the caliber of its product to give patrons a sense of discovery and excitement. It built customer loyalty cup by cup as buyers of its products developed their palates. On his trip back to New York the bordering day, Howard Schultz could not polish off thinking about Starbucks and what it would be like to be a part of the Starbucks enterprise. Schultz recalled, There was something magic about it, a passion and authenticity I had never experienced in business.3 Living in the Seattle area also had a strong appeal. By the time Schultz landed at Kennedy Airport, he k hot he wanted to go to work for Starbucks. Though there was nothing in his background ( fancy Exhibit 2) that watchful him for the experience, Schultz asked Baldwin at the prototypic opportunity whether there was any way he could fit into Starbucks. The two right away established an easy, comfortable rapport, but it still took a year of numerous meetings and a lot of win over to get Baldwin, Bowker, and their silent partner from San Francisco to agree to hire Howard Schultz.Schultz pursued a job at Starbucks far more vigorously than Starbucks pursued him. There was some nervousness at Starbucks about bringing in an outsider, especially a high-powered New Yorker, who had not grown up with the value of the company. Nonetheless, Schultz continued to press his ideas about the tremendous potential of expanding the Starbucks enterprise outside Seattle and exposing people all over America to Starbucks coffeearguing there had to be more than just a few thousand coffee lovers in Seattle who would like the companys products.Schultz believed that Starbucks had such groovy promise that he offered to take a stipend cut in exchange for a small equity stake in the business. But the owners disordered that by offering Schultz a job as head of selling they would be committing themselves to a new direction for Starbucks. At a jump off 1982 meeting with the three owners in San Francisco, Schultz once again presented his heap for opening Starbucks stores across the United States and Canada. He flew back to New York thinking a job offer was in the bag.But the next day Baldwin called Schultz and indicated that the owners had decided against hiring him because geographic expansion was too risky and because they did not grapple Schultzs vision for Starbucks. Schultz was despondent still, he believed so deeply in Starbucks potential that he decided to make a last-ditch appeal. He called Baldwin back the next day and made an impassioned, though reasoned, case for why the deci sion was a mistake. Baldwin agreed to reconsider.The next morning Baldwin called Schultz and told him the job of heading marketing and overseeing the retail stores was his. In September 1982, Howard Schultz took on his new responsibilities at Starbucks. Starbucks and Howard Schultz The 198285 Period In his counterbalance few months at Starbucks, Schultz worn-out(a) most of his waking hours in the four Seattle storesworking behind the counters, tasting different kinds of coffee, talking with customers, getting to know store personnel, and educating himself about the retail aspects of the coffee business.By celestial latitude, Jerry Baldwin decided that Schultz was ready for the final part of his trainingroasting coffee. Schultz spent a week at the roaster examining the distort of the beans, listening for the telltale second pop of the beans during the roasting process, learning to taste the subtle differences among Baldwin and Bowkers variant roasts, and familiarizing himself wit h the roasting techniques for different beans. Meanwhile, he made a point of acclimating himself to the informal dress code, blending in with the culture, and gaining credibility and building trust with colleagues.Making the transition from the high-energy, coat-and-tie style of New York to the more quotidian ambience of the Pacific Northwest required a conscious effort on Schultzs part. One day during the busy Christmas season that first year, Schultz made real headway in gaining the acceptance and admire of company personnel at the Pikes Place store. The store was packed and Schultz was behind the counter ringing up sales when someone shouted that a customer had just headed out the door with some stymietwo expensive coffeemakers it turned out, one in each hand.Without thinking, Schultz leaped over the counter and chased the bandit up the cobblestone street outside the store, yelling Drop that stuff Drop it The thief was galvanize enough to drop both pieces and run away. Schu ltz picked up the merchandise and returned to the store, holding up the coffeemakers like trophies. Everyone applauded. When Schultz returned to his office later that afternoon, his staff had strung up a banner that read Make my day. 4 Schultz was teeming with ideas for the company.Early on, he noticed that first-time customers sometimes felt uneasy in the stores because of their lack of knowledge about fine coffees and because store employees sometimes came across as a little arrogant. Schultz worked with store employees on growth customer-friendly sales skills and produced brochures that made it easy for customers to learn about fine coffees. Schultzs biggest idea for Starbucks future came during the spring of 1983 when the company sent him to Milan, Italy, to attend an international housewares show.While walking from his hotel to the convention center, Schultz spotted an espresso close off and went inner to look around. The cashier beside the door nodded and smiled. The baris ta (counter worker) greeted Howard cheerfully, then gracefully pulled a shot of espresso for one customer and handcrafted a foamy cappuccino for another, all the while conversing merrily with those standing at the counter. Schultz judged the baristas performance as great theater. Just down the way on a side street, he entered an even more dis arrange espresso bar, where the barista, whom he surmised to be the owner, was greeting customers by name people were laughing and talking in an atmosphere that plainly was comfortable and familiar. In the next few blocks, he saw two more espresso bars. When the trade show concluded for the day, Schultz walked the streets of Milan exploring espresso bars. Some were stylish and upscale others attracted a blue-collar clientele. What struck Schultz was how popular and vivacious the Italian coffee bars were.Most had few chairs, and it was common for Italian opera to be playing in the background. Energy levels were typically high, and the bars se emed to function as an integral community gathering place. Each one had its own unique character, but they all had a barista who performed with flair and exhibited a camaraderie with the customers. Schultz was oddly struck by the fact that there were 1, calciferol coffee bars in Milan, a city about the size of Philadelphia, and a total of 200,000 in all of Italy.His mind started churning. Schultzs first few eld in Milan produced a revelation The Starbucks stores in Seattle comp permitely missed the point. Starbucks, he decided, considered to serve fresh-brewed coffee, espresso, and cappuccino in its stores (in addition to beans and coffee equipment). Going to Starbucks should be an experience, a special treat the stores should be a place to meet friends and visit. Re-creating the Italian coffee-bar culture in the United States could be Starbucks differentiating factor.Schultz remained in Milan for a week, exploring coffee bars and learning as much as he could about the Italian pa ssion for coffee drinks. In one bar, he heard a customer order a caffe latte and decided to try one himselfthe barista made a shot of espresso, steamed a frothy pitcher of milk, poured the two together in a cup, and put a dollop of foam on the top. Schultz concluded that it was the perfect drink, and thought to himself, No one in America knows about this. Ive got to take it back with me. 5 Schultzs festering FrustrationOn Schultzs return from Italy, he shared his revelation and ideas for modifying the data formatting of Starbucks stores with Baldwin and Bowker. But sooner of winning their approval, Schultz encountered strong resistance. Baldwin and Bowker argued that Starbucks was a retailer, not a restaurant or bar. They feared that serving drinks would put them in the beverage business and dilute the integrity of Starbucks mission as a coffee store. They pointed out that Starbucks was a profitable small, private company and there was no reason to rock the boat.But a more pressi ng reason for their resistance emerged shortlyBaldwin and Bowker were excited by an opportunity to purchase Peets Coffee and Tea. The acquisition took place in 1984 to fund it, Starbucks had to take on considerable debt, leaving little in the way of financial flexibility to support Schultzs ideas for get into the beverage part of the coffee business or expanding the number of Starbucks stores. For most of 1984, Starbucks managers were dividing their time among their operations in Seattle and the Peets enterprise in San Francisco.Schultz found himself in San Francisco every other week supervising the marketing and operations of the quintuplet Peets stores. Starbucks employees began to feel neglected and, in one quarter, did not receive their usual bonus due to tense financial conditions. Employee discontent escalated to the point where a union election was called, and the union won by three votes. Baldwin was shocked at the results, concluding that employees no longer trusted him .In the months that followed, he began to spend more of his energy on the Peets operation in San Francisco. It took Howard Schultz nearly a year to convince Jerry Baldwin to let him test an espresso bar. After Baldwin relented, Starbucks sixth store, which opened in April 1984, became the first one designed to sell beverages and the first one in downtown Seattle. Schultz asked for a 1,500-square-foot space to set up a full-scale Italian-style espresso bar, but Jerry agreed to allocating only 300 square feet in a corner of the new store.There was no pre-opening marketing blitz and no sign announcing Now Serving Espressothe lack of fanfare was part of a deliberate experiment to see what would happen. By closing time on the first day, some four hundred customers had been served, well above the 250-customer average of Starbucks best-performing stores. at heart two months the store was serving 800 customers per day. The two baristas could not keep up with orders during the early mornin g hours, resulting in lines outside the door onto the sidewalk.Most of the business was at the espresso counter sales at the regular retail counter were only adequate. Schultz was elated by the test results his visits to the store indicated that it was becoming a gathering place and that customers were pleased with the beverages being served. Schultz expected that Baldwins doubts about entering the beverage side of the business would be dispelled and that he would gain approval to take Starbucks to a new level. Every day he went into Baldwins office to show him the sales figures and customer counts at the new downtown store.But Baldwin was not comfortable with the success of the new store he believed that espresso drinks were a embarrassment from the core business of selling fine arabica coffees at retail and rebelled at the thought that people would see Starbucks as a place to get a quick cup of coffee to go. He adamantly told Schultz, Were coffee roasters. I dont want to be in th e restaurant business . . . Besides, were too deeply in debt to consider pursuing this idea. 6 While he didnt deny that the experiment was succeeding, he didnt want to go forward with introducing beverages in other Starbucks stores.Schultzs efforts to persuade Baldwin to change his mind continued to meet strong resistance, although to avoid a total blind alley Baldwin finally did agree to let Schultz put espresso machines in the back of two other Starbucks stores. Over the next several months, Schultzat the age of 33made up his mind to leave Starbucks and start his own company. His plan was to open espresso bars in high-traffic downtown locations that would emulate the friendly, energetic atmosphere he had encountered in Italian espresso bars.Schultz had become friends with a corporate lawyer, Scott Greenberg, who helped companies raise venture capital and go general. Greenberg told Schultz he believed investors would be interested in providing venture capital for the kind of comp any Schultz had in mind. Baldwin and Bowker, knowing how frustrated Schultz had become, back up his efforts to go out on his own and agreed to let him stay in his current job and office until definitive plans were in place. Schultz left Starbucks in late 1985. Schultzs Il Giornale VentureIronically, as Schultz was finalizing the documents for his new company, Jerry Baldwin announced he would invest $150,000 of Starbucks money in Schultzs coffee-bar enterprise, thus becoming Schultzs first investor. Baldwin original Schultzs invitation to be a director of the new company, and Gordon Bowker agreed to be a part-time consultant for six months. Bowker urged Schultz to make sure that everything about the new storesthe name, the presentation, the care taken in preparing the coffeewas calculated to lead customers to expect something better than competitors offered.Bowker proposed that the new company be named Il Giornale (pronounced ill jor-nahl-ee ) Coffee Company, a suggestion that Schu ltz accepted. In December 1985, Bowker and Schultz made a trip to Italy during which they visited some 500 espresso bars in Milan and Verona, observing local habits, taking notes about decor and menus, snapping photographs, and videotaping baristas in action. Greenberg and Schultz then move up plans to raise an initial $400,000 in seed capital and another $1. 25 trillion in equityenough to launch at least eight espresso bars and prove the concept would work in Seattle and elsewhere.The seed capital was raised by the end of January 1986, primarily from Starbucks and two other investors who believed in Schultz and his ideas, but it took Schultz until the end of the year to raise the remaining $1. 25 million. He made presentations to 242 potential investors, 217 of whom state no. Many who heard Schultzs hour-long presentation saw coffee as a commodity business and thought that Schultzs espresso-bar concept lacked any basis for sustainable competitive advantage (no unembellished on dark roast, no advantage in purchasing coffee beans, no way to bar the portal of imitative competitors).Some noted that consumption of coffee had been declining since the mid-1960s, others were skeptical that people would pay $1. 50 or more for a cup of coffee, and still others were turned off by the companys tricky-to-pronounce name. Being rejected by so many potential investors was disheartening (some who listened to Schultzs presentation ? didnt even bother to call him back others refused to take his calls). Nonetheless, Schultz continued to display passion and enthusiasm in making his pitch and never doubted that his plan would work. He ended up raising $1.65 million from about 30 investors most of this money came from nine people, fiver of whom became directors of the new company. One of Howard Schultzs earliest moves during the start-up process was to hire Dave Olsen, who in 1974 had opened a coffee bar, Cafe Allegro, near the busiest admission to the University of capita l of the United States campus. Olsen was a long-standing Starbucks customer, having discovered the quality of Starbucks coffee beans, gotten to know the owners, and worked with them to develop a custom espresso roast for use in his cafe.Olsens successful Cafe Allegro had become known for cafe au lait, a concoction equivalent to the Italian caffe latte. When Olsen heard of Schultzs plans for Il Giornale, he called Schultz and expressed an interest in being part of the new companyhe was intrigued by the Italian coffee-bar concept and was looking for a more expansive career opportunity. Olsen not only had coffee expertise but also had spent 10 years in an apron behind the counter at Cafe Allegro. Schultz immediately picked up on the synergy among him and Olsen.His own strengths were in forming and communicating a vision, raising money, finding good store locations, building a brand name, and planning for growth. Olsen understood the nuts and bolts of operating a retail cafe, hiring an d training baristas, and making and serving good drinks. Plus, Olsen was fun to work with. Schultz put Olsen in charge of store operations, made him the coffee conscience of the company, and gave him the authority to make sure that Il Giornale served the best coffee and espresso possible. The first Il Giornale store opened in April 1986.It had a mere 700 square feet and was located near the entrance of Seattles tallest building. The decor was Italian, the menu contained Italian words, and Italian opera music played in the background. The baristas wore unclouded shirts and bow ties. All service was stand-upthere were no chairs. National and international papers hung from rods on the wall. By closing time on the first day, 300 customers had been served, mostly in the morning hours. Schultz and Olsen worked hard to make sure that all the details were executed perfectly.For the first few weeks, Olsen worked behind the counter during the morning rush. But while the core idea worked well , it soon became apparent that several aspects of Il Giornales format werent appropriate for Seattle. Some customers objected to the incessant opera music, others wanted a place to sit down, and many didnt understand the Italian words on the menu. These mistakes were quickly fixed, without compromising the style and elegance of the store. Within six months, Il Giornale was serving more than 1,000 customers a day and regulars had learned how to pronounce the companys name.Because most customers were in a hurry, it became apparent that speedy service was a competitive advantage. Six months after opening the first store, Il Giornale opened a second store in another downtown building. A third store was opened in Vancouver, British Columbia, in April 1987. Vancouver was chosen to test the transferability of the companys business concept outside Seattle. To reach his goal of opening 50 stores in five years, Schultz needed to dispel his investors doubts about geographic expansion. By mid-1 987 sales at the three stores were equal to $1.5 million annually. Il Giornale Acquires Starbucks In March 1987 Jerry Baldwin and Gordon Bowker decided to sell the whole Starbucks operation in Seattlethe stores, the roasting plant, and the Starbucks name. Bowker wanted to cash out his coffee-business investment to concentrate on his other enterprises Baldwin, who was tired of commuting between Seattle and San Francisco and wrestling with the troubles created by the two parts of the company, elected to concentrate on the Peets operation. As he recalls, My wife and I had a 30-second conversation and decided to keep Peets.It was the original and it was better. 7 Schultz knew immediately that he had to buy Starbucks his board of directors agreed. Schultz and his newly hired finance and accounting manager drew up a set of financial projections for the unite operations and a financing package that included a stock offering to Il Giornales original investors and a line of credit with local banks. While a rival plan to acquire Starbucks was put together by another Il Giornale investor, Schultzs final cause prevailed and within weeks Schultz had raised the $3.8 million needed to buy Starbucks. The acquisition was completed in venerable 1987. After the papers were signed, Schultz and Scott Greenberg walked across the street to the first Il Giornale store, ordered themselves espresso drinks, and sat at a table near the window. Greenberg placed the hundred-page business plan that had been used to raise the $3. 8 million between them and lifted his cup in a toastWe did it, they said together. 8 The new name of the combined companies was Starbucks Starbucks as a Private Company 198792.The following Monday morning, Schultz returned to the Starbucks offices at the roasting plant, greeted all the familiar faces and accepted their congratulations, then called the staff together for a meeting on the roasting-plant floor. He began All my life I have wanted to be part of a compa ny and a group of people who share a common vision . . . Im here today because I love this company. I love what it represents . . . I know youre concerned . . . I promise you I will not let you down. I promise you I will not leave anyone behind . . . In five years, I want you to look back at this day and say I was there when it started.I helped build this company into something great. 9 Schultz told the group that his vision was for Starbucks to become a national company with values and guiding principles that employees could be proud of. He indicated that he wanted to include people in the decision-making process and that he would be open and honest with them. Schultz said he believed it was essential, not just an intriguing option, for a company to respect its people, to inspire them, and to share the fruits of its success with those who contributed to its long-term value.His aspiration was for Starbucks to become the most see brand name in coffee and for the company to be admire d for its corporate responsibility. In the next few days and weeks, however, Schultz came to see that the unity and morale at Starbucks had deteriorated badly in the 20 months he had been at Il Giornale. Some employees were cynical and felt unappreciated. There was a feeling that prior management had abandoned them and a wariness about what the new regime would bring. Schultz determined that he would have to make it a priority to build a new relationship of mutual respect between employees and management.The new Starbucks had a total of nine stores. The business plan Schultz had presented investors called for the new company to open 125 stores in the next five years15 the first year, 20 the second, 25 the third, 30 the fourth, and 35 the fifth. Revenues were project to reach $60 million in 1992. But the company lacked experienced management. Schultz had never led a growth effort of such magnitude and was just learning what the job of CEO was all about, having been the president of a small company for barely two years. Dave Olsen had run a single cafe for 11 years and was just learning to manage a multistore operation.Ron Lawrence, the companys ascendancy, had worked as a controller for several organizations. Other Starbucks employees had only the experience of managing or being a part of a six-store organization. When Starbucks rouge roaster and coffee buyer resigned, Schultz put Dave Olsen in charge of buying and roasting coffee. Lawrence Maltz, who had 20 years of experience in business and eight years of experience as president of a profitable public beverage company, was hired as executive vice president and charged with heading operations, finance, and human resources. In the next several months, a number of changes were instituted.To symbolize the merging of the two companies and the two cultures, a new logo was created that melded the Starbucks and Il Giornale logos. The Starbucks stores were equipped with espresso machines and remodeled to look more Italian than Old World nautical. The traditional Starbucks brown was replaced by Il Giornale green. The result was a new type of storea cross between a retail coffee-bean store and an espresso bar/cafethat became Starbucks signature format in the 1990s. By December 1987, employees at Starbucks had begun buying into the changes Schultz was making and trust had begun to build between management and employees.New stores were on the enclosure of opening in Vancouver and boodle. One Starbucks store employee, Daryl Moore, who had voted against unionization in 1985, began to question his fellow employees about the need for a union. Over the next few weeks, Moore began a move to decertify the union. He carried a decertification letter around to Starbucks stores and secured the signatures of employees who no longer wished to be represented by the union. After getting a mass of store employees to sign the letter, he presented it to the National Labor Relations Board and the union represent ing store employees was decertified.Later, in 1992, the union representing Starbucks roasting plant and warehouse employees was also decertified. Expansion into Markets Outside the Pacific Northwest Starbucks entry into Chicago proved far more troublesome than management anticipated. The first Chicago store opened October 27, 1987, the same day the stock market crashed. Three more stores were opened in Chicago over the next six months, but customer counts were substantially below expectationsChicagoans didnt take to dark-roasted coffee as fast as Schultz had anticipated.At the first downtown store, for example, which opened onto the street rather than into the lobby of the building where it was located, customers were hesitant to go out in the wind and cold to get a cup of coffee in the winter months. Store margins were squeezed for a number of reasons It was expensive to supply fresh coffee to the Chicago stores out of the Seattle warehouse, and both rents and wage rates were highe r in Chicago than in Seattle. Gradually, customer counts improved, but Starbucks lost money on its Chicago stores until 1990, when prices were raised to reflect higher rents and labor costs, more experienced store manag.